At ORY®, we believe you should know what’s in your products and why. This page lists the published research behind what we say about Green Tea + Rosemary + Chamomile Infused Squalane + Argan Oil. Each section starts with our claim, then tells you how well the research supports it, then lists the sources so you can read them yourself.
Please note: Some studies on this page tested green tea, rosemary and chamomile for medical conditions, including hair loss, and most used extracts, creams, or oral forms rather than an oil infusion. We share them for transparency. ORY® infused oils are cosmetics and are not intended to treat any condition, grow hair, or prevent hair loss.
How to read this page Supported — backed by peer-reviewed research or official safety reviews. Supported, with caveats — the research points this way, but mostly from laboratory or animal studies, or at different strengths than ORY® uses. Limited evidence — little or no published research yet. We say so openly. |
1. General Description and Role
Claim: Green Tea + Rosemary + Chamomile Infused Squalane + Argan Oil is an ORY® Build-Your-Own infused oil: dried green tea, rosemary and chamomile steeped in a blend of Squalane and Argan Oil, then strained and protected with vitamin E and rosemary extract. It helps skin and hair feel soft, nourished, and comfortable, and helps the scalp feel refreshed. |
Verification: Supported. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has found each component safe in cosmetics: green tea leaf ingredients are safe when formulated to be non-sensitizing; rosemary-derived ingredients are safe when formulated to be non-sensitizing; German chamomile ingredients are safe when formulated to be non-sensitizing; squalane is safe as used; plant oils including argan oil are safe as used. CIR has not reviewed this specific blend.
Citations:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2019). Safety assessment of Camellia sinensis-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 38(3 Suppl), 48S–70S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581819889914
- What it shows: CIR safety assessment (Green Tea).
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2018). Safety assessment of Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary)-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 37(3 Suppl), 12S–50S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581818800020
- What it shows: CIR safety assessment (Rosemary).
- Johnson, W., Boyer, I., Bergfeld, W. F., et al. (2018). Amended safety assessment of Chamomilla recutita-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 37(3 Suppl), 51S–79S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581818801814
- What it shows: CIR safety assessment (Chamomile).
- Elder, R. L. (Ed.). (1982). Final report on the safety assessment of squalane and squalene. Journal of the American College of Toxicology, 1(2), 37–56 (reaffirmed by CIR in 2003 and 2023). https://doi.org/10.1177/10915818231204276
- What it shows: CIR safety assessment (Squalane).
- Burnett, C. L., et al. (2017). Safety assessment of plant-derived fatty acid oils. International Journal of Toxicology, 36(3 Suppl), 51S–129S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581817740569
- What it shows: CIR safety assessment (Argan Oil).
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2019). Safety assessment of Camellia sinensis-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 38(3 Suppl), 48S–70S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581819889914
2. Composition and Production
Claim: Green tea leaves contribute some catechins (mainly water-soluble, so only partly captured by oil), chlorophyll, and aroma compounds. Dried rosemary leaves contribute oil-soluble antioxidants (carnosic acid and carnosol) and aromatic terpenes. This is a leaf infusion, not rosemary essential oil. German chamomile flowers contribute alpha-bisabolol, bisabolol oxides, matricin, and some apigenin. The carrier makes up most of the product. Squalane is weightless and non-greasy and suits all skin types. Argan Oil is light-to-medium and nourishing and suits dry, normal, and mature skin. |
Verification: Supported. ORY® steeps dried (never fresh) botanicals in the carrier, strains them out, and adds 0.5–1% vitamin E and 0.1% rosemary extract. An oil infusion captures mainly oil-soluble compounds, so its strength differs from the extracts used in research. ORY® infused oils are made by steeping dried plant material in a carrier oil. The carrier oil makes up most of the finished product, so its own properties matter as much as the botanical’s — including allergy: nut-derived carrier oils such as sweet almond oil may not suit people with tree-nut allergies.
Citations:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2019). Safety assessment of Camellia sinensis-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 38(3 Suppl), 48S–70S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581819889914
- What it shows: Describes botanical composition.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2018). Safety assessment of Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary)-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 37(3 Suppl), 12S–50S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581818800020
- What it shows: Describes botanical composition.
- Johnson, W., Boyer, I., Bergfeld, W. F., et al. (2018). Amended safety assessment of Chamomilla recutita-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 37(3 Suppl), 51S–79S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581818801814
- What it shows: Describes botanical composition.
- Elder, R. L. (Ed.). (1982). Final report on the safety assessment of squalane and squalene. Journal of the American College of Toxicology, 1(2), 37–56 (reaffirmed by CIR in 2003 and 2023). https://doi.org/10.1177/10915818231204276
- What it shows: Describes carrier composition.
- Burnett, C. L., et al. (2017). Safety assessment of plant-derived fatty acid oils. International Journal of Toxicology, 36(3 Suppl), 51S–129S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581817740569
- What it shows: Describes carrier composition.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2019). Safety assessment of Camellia sinensis-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 38(3 Suppl), 48S–70S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581819889914
3. Skin Type Suitability
Claim: This infused oil suits most skin types, with a light feel from squalane and nourishment from argan. People with daisy-family allergy should patch test or avoid it. |
Verification: Supported, with caveats. We found no clinical studies of this blend. Suitability is based on the carrier and the safety data for each ingredient. Chamomile and calendula can cause allergy in people sensitive to daisy-family plants.
Citations:
- Paulsen, E. (2002). Contact sensitization from Compositae-containing herbal remedies and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 47(4), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.470401.x
- What it shows: Review of daisy-family allergy.
- Elder, R. L. (Ed.). (1982). Final report on the safety assessment of squalane and squalene. Journal of the American College of Toxicology, 1(2), 37–56 (reaffirmed by CIR in 2003 and 2023). https://doi.org/10.1177/10915818231204276
- What it shows: Carrier safety data.
- Burnett, C. L., et al. (2017). Safety assessment of plant-derived fatty acid oils. International Journal of Toxicology, 36(3 Suppl), 51S–129S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581817740569
- What it shows: Carrier safety data.
- Paulsen, E. (2002). Contact sensitization from Compositae-containing herbal remedies and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 47(4), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.470401.x
4. Hair and Scalp Suitability
Claim: In haircare, this infused oil helps hair feel soft and look glossy and helps the scalp feel refreshed. |
Verification: Limited evidence. A trial in people with androgenetic alopecia used rosemary essential oil, not a leaf infusion, and a mouse study used rosemary leaf extract. A lab study found EGCG stimulated cultured hair follicles. Hair-growth and hair-loss claims are drug claims, and ORY® does not make them. ORY® haircare products are not intended to treat dandruff or scalp conditions.
Citations:
- Kwon, O. S., et al. (2007). Human hair growth enhancement in vitro by green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Phytomedicine, 14(7–8), 551–555. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17092697/
- What it shows: Lab study of EGCG on hair follicles.
- Panahi, Y., Taghizadeh, M., Marzony, E. T., & Sahebkar, A. (2015). Rosemary oil vs minoxidil 2% for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia: A randomized comparative trial. SKINmed, 13(1), 15–21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25842469/
- What it shows: Trial of rosemary essential oil in androgenetic alopecia (a medical use).
- Murata, K., et al. (2013). Promotion of hair growth by Rosmarinus officinalis leaf extract. Phytotherapy Research, 27(2), 212–217. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Promotion%20of%20hair%20growth%20by%20Rosmarinus%20officinalis%20leaf%20extract
- What it shows: Mouse study of rosemary leaf extract.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 21 CFR 310.527 — Drug products offered over-the-counter for external use as hair growers or for hair loss prevention. https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/21/310.527
- What it shows: FDA treats hair-growth and hair-loss products as drugs.
- Kwon, O. S., et al. (2007). Human hair growth enhancement in vitro by green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Phytomedicine, 14(7–8), 551–555. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17092697/
5. Benefits
Claim: This infused oil helps skin and hair feel soft, smooth, and nourished and provides antioxidant support. |
Verification: Supported, with caveats. Most of the moisturizing benefit comes from the carrier. Human studies of green tea for sun protection and acne used water-soluble polyphenols or EGCG, not an oil infusion, and those are drug claims. Rosemary’s antioxidant activity is well documented in lab studies. A study of citrus and rosemary extract taken by mouth does not apply to a topical oil. Reviews describe chamomile’s anti-inflammatory activity, mostly from lab and animal studies; a chamomile cream was studied in eczema, a medical use. ORY® does not make wound, eczema, acne, sun-protection, or hair-growth claims for this oil.
Citations:
- Katiyar, S. K., Ahmad, N., & Mukhtar, H. (2000). Green tea and skin. Archives of Dermatology, 136(8), 989–994. https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.136.8.989
- What it shows: Review of green tea and skin.
- Elmets, C. A., Singh, D., Tubesing, K., Matsui, M., Katiyar, S., & Mukhtar, H. (2001). Cutaneous photoprotection from ultraviolet injury by green tea polyphenols. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 44(3), 425–432. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11209110/
- What it shows: Human UV study (not an oil infusion).
- Yoon, J. Y., Kwon, H. H., Min, S. U., Thiboutot, D. M., & Suh, D. H. (2013). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate improves acne in humans by modulating intracellular molecular targets and inhibiting P. acnes. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 133(2), 429–440. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23096708/
- What it shows: Acne study of EGCG (a medical use).
- Nieto, G., Ros, G., & Castillo, J. (2018). Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis, L.): A review. Medicines, 5(3), 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines5030098
- What it shows: Review of rosemary.
- Pérez-Sánchez, A., et al. (2014). Protective effects of citrus and rosemary extracts on UV-induced damage in skin cell model and human volunteers. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 136, 12–18. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24815058/
- What it shows: Lab and oral human study.
- Srivastava, J. K., Shankar, E., & Gupta, S. (2010). Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with a bright future. Molecular Medicine Reports, 3(6), 895–901. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21132119/
- What it shows: Review of chamomile.
- Patzelt-Wenczler, R., & Ponce-Pöschl, E. (2000). Proof of efficacy of Kamillosan® cream in atopic eczema. European Journal of Medical Research, 5(4), 171–175. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10799352/
- What it shows: Eczema study (a medical use).
- Huang, Z. R., Lin, Y. K., & Fang, J. Y. (2009). Biological and pharmacological activities of squalene and related compounds: Potential uses in cosmetic dermatology. Molecules, 14(1), 540–554. https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/14/1/540
- What it shows: Review of squalane.
- Boucetta, K. Q., Charrouf, Z., Aguenaou, H., Derouiche, A., & Bensouda, Y. (2015). The effect of dietary and/or cosmetic argan oil on postmenopausal skin elasticity. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 10, 339–349. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S71684
- What it shows: Study combining oral and topical argan oil.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019, February 26). Sunscreen drug products for over-the-counter human use (proposed rule), 84 FR 6204. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/02/26/2019-03019/sunscreen-drug-products-for-over-the-counter-human-use
- What it shows: FDA sunscreen rules.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 21 CFR Part 333, Subpart D — Topical acne drug products for over-the-counter human use. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-333/subpart-D
- What it shows: FDA acne drug rule.
- Katiyar, S. K., Ahmad, N., & Mukhtar, H. (2000). Green tea and skin. Archives of Dermatology, 136(8), 989–994. https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.136.8.989
6. Use Across ORY® Product Lines
Claim: Green Tea + Rosemary + Chamomile Infused Squalane + Argan Oil is used in all four ORY® product lines; its soap role depends on the carrier. |
Verification: Supported. Soap use by carrier: Squalane — does not saponify; superfat only (1–3%); Argan Oil — superfat or 5–10% of oils. Being oil-only, the infusion needs no preservative if kept free of water.
| Product line | Typical level | How ORY® uses it |
| Skincare | 5–100% | Lightweight face oils, calming night oils, and eye-area oils. |
| Haircare | 10–100% | Scalp serums and massage oils, and silicone-free shine serums. |
| Handmade Soap | 1–5% superfat | Superfat at trace only. |
| Cosmetics | 5–30% | Lip oils and foundation slip. |
Citations:
- Elder, R. L. (Ed.). (1982). Final report on the safety assessment of squalane and squalene. Journal of the American College of Toxicology, 1(2), 37–56 (reaffirmed by CIR in 2003 and 2023). https://doi.org/10.1177/10915818231204276
- What it shows: CIR safety assessment (Squalane).
- Burnett, C. L., et al. (2017). Safety assessment of plant-derived fatty acid oils. International Journal of Toxicology, 36(3 Suppl), 51S–129S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581817740569
- What it shows: CIR safety assessment (Argan Oil).
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Is It a Cosmetic, a Drug, or Both? (Or Is It Soap?) https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-laws-regulations/it-cosmetic-drug-or-both-or-it-soap
- What it shows: FDA explains how soap is regulated.
- Elder, R. L. (Ed.). (1982). Final report on the safety assessment of squalane and squalene. Journal of the American College of Toxicology, 1(2), 37–56 (reaffirmed by CIR in 2003 and 2023). https://doi.org/10.1177/10915818231204276
7. Pros
Claim: CIR-reviewed botanicals in a carrier matched to each customer’s skin and hair. |
Verification: Supported. Each component has a CIR safety conclusion.
Citations:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2019). Safety assessment of Camellia sinensis-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 38(3 Suppl), 48S–70S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581819889914
- What it shows: CIR safety assessment (Green Tea).
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2018). Safety assessment of Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary)-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 37(3 Suppl), 12S–50S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581818800020
- What it shows: CIR safety assessment (Rosemary).
- Johnson, W., Boyer, I., Bergfeld, W. F., et al. (2018). Amended safety assessment of Chamomilla recutita-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 37(3 Suppl), 51S–79S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581818801814
- What it shows: CIR safety assessment (Chamomile).
- Elder, R. L. (Ed.). (1982). Final report on the safety assessment of squalane and squalene. Journal of the American College of Toxicology, 1(2), 37–56 (reaffirmed by CIR in 2003 and 2023). https://doi.org/10.1177/10915818231204276
- What it shows: CIR safety assessment (Squalane).
- Burnett, C. L., et al. (2017). Safety assessment of plant-derived fatty acid oils. International Journal of Toxicology, 36(3 Suppl), 51S–129S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581817740569
- What it shows: CIR safety assessment (Argan Oil).
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2019). Safety assessment of Camellia sinensis-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 38(3 Suppl), 48S–70S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581819889914
8. Cons
Claim: Infusion strength varies, the botanical research used other forms, and some ingredients carry allergy cautions. |
Verification: Supported. We list these limits so you have the full picture:
- Variable strength. Depends on botanical quality, ratio, and steeping time.
- Different forms in research. Studies used extracts, creams, essential oils, or oral products, not this infusion.
- Partial capture. Oil captures only part of green tea’s water-soluble catechins.
- Daisy-family allergy. Chamomile and calendula can cause allergy.
- No blend-specific trials. Evidence is for individual ingredients.
Citations:
- Paulsen, E. (2002). Contact sensitization from Compositae-containing herbal remedies and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 47(4), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.470401.x
- What it shows: Allergy.
- Katiyar, S. K., Ahmad, N., & Mukhtar, H. (2000). Green tea and skin. Archives of Dermatology, 136(8), 989–994. https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.136.8.989
- What it shows: Review of green tea and skin.
- Elmets, C. A., Singh, D., Tubesing, K., Matsui, M., Katiyar, S., & Mukhtar, H. (2001). Cutaneous photoprotection from ultraviolet injury by green tea polyphenols. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 44(3), 425–432. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11209110/
- What it shows: Human UV study (not an oil infusion).
- Paulsen, E. (2002). Contact sensitization from Compositae-containing herbal remedies and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 47(4), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.470401.x
9. Safety Notes
Claim: Patch test before use; for external use only. |
Verification: Supported. Follow these precautions:
- Patch test any new product on a small area for 24–48 hours before full use.
- If you are allergic to ragweed, chamomile, daisies, or other plants in the daisy (Asteraceae) family, patch test carefully or avoid this product.
- If you have a nut or seed allergy, check the carrier before use.
- Store away from heat and light, keep water out of the bottle, and discard if it smells rancid.
- Stop use if redness, burning, itching, or rash occurs, and talk to a healthcare provider.
- For external use only. Avoid the eyes.
- If you are pregnant, nursing, have a medical condition, or are buying for a child, ask a healthcare provider before use.
Citations:
- Paulsen, E. (2002). Contact sensitization from Compositae-containing herbal remedies and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 47(4), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.470401.x
- What it shows: Allergy.
- Elder, R. L. (Ed.). (1982). Final report on the safety assessment of squalane and squalene. Journal of the American College of Toxicology, 1(2), 37–56 (reaffirmed by CIR in 2003 and 2023). https://doi.org/10.1177/10915818231204276
- What it shows: Carrier safety.
- Burnett, C. L., et al. (2017). Safety assessment of plant-derived fatty acid oils. International Journal of Toxicology, 36(3 Suppl), 51S–129S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581817740569
- What it shows: Carrier safety.
- Paulsen, E. (2002). Contact sensitization from Compositae-containing herbal remedies and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 47(4), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.470401.x
10. Product-line notes
- ORY® Skincare: For external use only. Not for deep or puncture wounds, animal bites, or serious burns.
- ORY® Haircare: Designed for scalp comfort and the look and feel of hair. Not intended to treat dandruff or scalp conditions, or to promote hair growth or prevent hair loss. If you notice sudden shedding or a persistent itchy, flaking scalp, see a dermatologist.
- ORY® Handmade Soap: Handmade soap is naturally alkaline, and each bar may vary slightly in color, scent, and texture. Not intended to treat eczema or any skin condition.
- ORY® Cosmetics: Lip products are not intended to treat or protect chapped or cracked lips. Do not share applicators, and replace any product that changes color, smell, or texture.
11. References
Peer-reviewed research
- Boucetta, K. Q., Charrouf, Z., Aguenaou, H., Derouiche, A., & Bensouda, Y. (2015). The effect of dietary and/or cosmetic argan oil on postmenopausal skin elasticity. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 10, 339–349. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S71684
- Burnett, C. L., et al. (2017). Safety assessment of plant-derived fatty acid oils. International Journal of Toxicology, 36(3 Suppl), 51S–129S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581817740569
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2018). Safety assessment of Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary)-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 37(3 Suppl), 12S–50S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581818800020
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2019). Safety assessment of Camellia sinensis-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 38(3 Suppl), 48S–70S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581819889914
- Elder, R. L. (Ed.). (1982). Final report on the safety assessment of squalane and squalene. Journal of the American College of Toxicology, 1(2), 37–56 (reaffirmed by CIR in 2003 and 2023). https://doi.org/10.1177/10915818231204276
- Elmets, C. A., Singh, D., Tubesing, K., Matsui, M., Katiyar, S., & Mukhtar, H. (2001). Cutaneous photoprotection from ultraviolet injury by green tea polyphenols. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 44(3), 425–432. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11209110/
- Huang, Z. R., Lin, Y. K., & Fang, J. Y. (2009). Biological and pharmacological activities of squalene and related compounds: Potential uses in cosmetic dermatology. Molecules, 14(1), 540–554. https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/14/1/540
- Johnson, W., Boyer, I., Bergfeld, W. F., et al. (2018). Amended safety assessment of Chamomilla recutita-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 37(3 Suppl), 51S–79S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581818801814
- Katiyar, S. K., Ahmad, N., & Mukhtar, H. (2000). Green tea and skin. Archives of Dermatology, 136(8), 989–994. https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.136.8.989
- Kwon, O. S., et al. (2007). Human hair growth enhancement in vitro by green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Phytomedicine, 14(7–8), 551–555. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17092697/
- Murata, K., et al. (2013). Promotion of hair growth by Rosmarinus officinalis leaf extract. Phytotherapy Research, 27(2), 212–217. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Promotion%20of%20hair%20growth%20by%20Rosmarinus%20officinalis%20leaf%20extract
- Nieto, G., Ros, G., & Castillo, J. (2018). Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis, L.): A review. Medicines, 5(3), 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines5030098
- Panahi, Y., Taghizadeh, M., Marzony, E. T., & Sahebkar, A. (2015). Rosemary oil vs minoxidil 2% for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia: A randomized comparative trial. SKINmed, 13(1), 15–21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25842469/
- Patzelt-Wenczler, R., & Ponce-Pöschl, E. (2000). Proof of efficacy of Kamillosan® cream in atopic eczema. European Journal of Medical Research, 5(4), 171–175. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10799352/
- Paulsen, E. (2002). Contact sensitization from Compositae-containing herbal remedies and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 47(4), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.470401.x
- Pérez-Sánchez, A., et al. (2014). Protective effects of citrus and rosemary extracts on UV-induced damage in skin cell model and human volunteers. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 136, 12–18. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24815058/
- Srivastava, J. K., Shankar, E., & Gupta, S. (2010). Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with a bright future. Molecular Medicine Reports, 3(6), 895–901. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21132119/
- Yoon, J. Y., Kwon, H. H., Min, S. U., Thiboutot, D. M., & Suh, D. H. (2013). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate improves acne in humans by modulating intracellular molecular targets and inhibiting P. acnes. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 133(2), 429–440. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23096708/
Government and regulatory sources
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 21 CFR 310.527 — Drug products offered over-the-counter for external use as hair growers or for hair loss prevention. https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/21/310.527
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019, February 26). Sunscreen drug products for over-the-counter human use (proposed rule), 84 FR 6204. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/02/26/2019-03019/sunscreen-drug-products-for-over-the-counter-human-use
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 21 CFR Part 333, Subpart D — Topical acne drug products for over-the-counter human use. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-333/subpart-D
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Is It a Cosmetic, a Drug, or Both? (Or Is It Soap?) https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-laws-regulations/it-cosmetic-drug-or-both-or-it-soap
